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This week, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a health advisory following an uptick in cases of parvovirus B19. According to the CDC, “In the first quarter of 2024, public health authorities in 14 European countries reported unusually high numbers of parvovirus B19 cases.” The alert also noted increased activity in the U.S.
Here’s what you need to know about this contagious virus, including its transmission, symptoms, and at-risk groups.
What is Parvovirus B19?
Parvovirus B19 is a seasonal virus primarily spread through respiratory droplets from coughing and sneezing, whether the person is symptomatic or asymptomatic. Known as “fifth disease,” it is part of a group of childhood illnesses characterized by rash, such as measles and scarlet fever. A blood test can detect antibodies to parvovirus B19, which indicate whether a person is currently infected, has been infected in the past, or is immune.How Does Parvovirus B19 Spread?
The virus is highly transmissible. The CDC reports that 50% of people exposed in a household setting become infected, while 20% to 50% of individuals in school settings are affected during outbreaks. Previous infections provide some protection, with antibodies likely preventing future infections. By age 20, about 50% of adults have these antibodies, and this number rises to 70% by age 40. Transmission can also occur from a mother to her fetus during pregnancy and through blood or plasma transfusions, though the latter is extremely rare.What Are the Symptoms of Parvovirus B19?
Symptoms of parvovirus B19 are generally mild and can include:- Fever
- Headache
- Cough
- Sore throat
- Rashes
- Joint pain
